The serve is the one-wall handball player’s greatest and deadliest weapon–for several reasons.

The one-wall server is dealing with a short line much closer to the wall than in three- and four-wall, 16 feet as opposed to 20 feet. As he faces the wall, the one-wall server has the short line in front of him, whereas the three- or four-waller has the short line behind him. 

Thus, in an ideal situation, a good one-wall serve has to travel 3 feet less than a good three- or four-wall serve: 16 feet in and 16 feet out for a total of 32, as compared with 15 feet in and 20 feet out for a total of 35.
This gives the one-waller an advantage, not only on the serve itself but also on hand-ling the receiver’s return.

One-wall is a serve-and-shoot game of angles. The server’s lead foot ends up practically on top of the short line. Even with practice you’ll still commit an occasional foot fault, but it will be worth the edge you will gain on other service attempts. Being closer to the short line, and therefore the wall, means the serve needs to travel less distance.

This creates certain advantages:

A server can increase his advantage by hiding the ball from the receiver as he serves.

• A lower serve. If the velocity is kept constant, the ball can be aimed lower because it needs to travel a shorter distance.
• A faster serve. Covering less distance at the same speed means it takes less time.
• Fewer short serves. If you start 2 inches closer to the short line, balls that were 2 inches short would now be good.
• A greater angle on cross-court serves. The short line was originally positioned at 13 feet 9 inches. Realization of the sharp angles obtainable on the serve along with changes in the ball resulted in it being moved back, first to 15 feet, now to 16 feet.
• Better positioning for the receiver’s return of serve. Standing on the short line allows the server to cover the opponent’s angles, kills, lifts and passes by taking a step or two in the appropriate direction.
• Conservation of energy. If you don’t believe this, just move the short line back 6 to 12 inches and try hitting the same serves.

Singles

The best singles players serve from within a few feet of the side line. Righties are partial to the right side line and lefties to the left one.

One reason for this is that as they strike the ball, their hand is hidden from the receiver’s view. When starting the serve and appearing to be going up the line, a break of the wrist will send the ball a mile away toward the opposite side of the court.

Another reason is that they can hit the ball harder when they serve behind themselves, thereby making their cross-court offerings more devastating. Using a combination of cross-court angles along with shots straight up the side line is extremely effective. Toss in an occasional deep one, throw in some hooks and your serve will be absolutely deadly.

The third advantage is that you can legally hide the serve from the receiver’s view. Since you’ll have more problems with hinder serves on your attempts up the line, it is often used to keep the opponent honest, and the majority of serves will probably be cross-court. In singles it is impossible to return a combination of successive shots hit strongly to opposite corners of the court. So when the serve gets returned weakly, just swat it into a corner.

Serving with your back to the closest side line can also be quite effective. Doing this allows the server to keep a close watch on the opponent’s last-minute shifts in direction. Correct use of this tactic involves leading the receiver to believe that

the ball will be hit cross-court. At the last moment you can flick your wrist and pull the ball behind you. The greater your ability to make the receiver move the wrong way, the fewer times the referee will call a hinder serve.
One reason to use this service position is that it makes it extremely difficult for the receiver to find your opposite hand on his return of serve. Attempts to do so will often result in the return landing outside the playing zone.

Doubles

When you see a lefty and a righty paired up against each other, you’ll notice that the server may change his game around and increase the number of serves up the line to the off hand as opposed to using the cross- court angle to the opponent’s strong hand.

Lefties go up the line more often than righties. Since lefties play righties on a consistent basis, they are more accustomed to returning the serve cross-court to the server’s off hand, and the righty is more comfortable serving cross-court because he is usually playing another righty and the serve would be to the opponent’s off hand.

On the other side of the coin, the righty’s customary return up the left side line will be feeding the lefty’s strength. By now you’ve probably realized that serving with your back to the closest side line is commonly done when a lefty and a righty play against each other. You don’t have to be a genius to see that a strong serve to the receiver’s off hand will result in a hanger to your strong hand.

Of course, there is the rare chance that two lefties will face each other. You never know what might happen in this case.

Unlike three- and four-wall, the lefty on a lefty-righty team plays the right side. The advantages to this formation are:

• Players can limit court coverage with their off hands by standing closer to the side line.
• An opponent’s attempt to find an off hand may result in the ball landing outside the playing zone. Since both teammates’ dominant hands are in the center of the court, players can increase court coverage with their strong hands by using the same strategy.
• When positioned to strike the ball with your dominant hand, you will be facing your partner, and the view of each other’s position and actions is facilitated. When the return is down the center of the court, the lefty-righty team can confuse the opposition by appearing that each player will strike the ball to a different area on the court. This forces the defensive team to cover more area since they may be indecisive as to which player will actually be hitting the ball.

When you start playing doubles, many veterans will tell you to serve deep, with a hook, and go off the wall with a fly shot.  They’re right: Stick with a serve near the long line. Since there are two receivers, the angle serve will not be as effective when used by a left-side player. The receiving side will shift and take advantage of the huge opening you’ve created by choosing this service position. The gap will be between the server and his partner or the side line, depending on which distance is greater.

There are some exceptions to this approach. The first is when a righty is serving from the right side. Then the gap doesn’t exist because your partner will be straddling the service marker on the left line. The receiver will be pulled off the court and forced to return the ball to your partner’s right hand. And an opening will have been created in center court. A drive up the middle will be a high-percentage second shot, virtually guaranteeing that a point is scored.

When playing a lefty-righty team you’ll need to be a little more careful, since the lefty plays the right side and his strong hand is in the center of the court. To keep the lefty honest you’ll need to hit a few of your second shots to the right corner, preferably in front of your partner.

The second exception is when a righty is serving from the left side to a lefty, and vice versa. This can be successful for the following reasons:

• Your partner, positioned astraddle the service marker, will help protect against possible passes up that side line.
• The receiver is forced to return the serve back toward your strong hand. If you are part of a lefty-righty team, you’ll have two strong hands in the middle, and therefore a choice as to who gets to hammer in the winner.

In general, stay away from the side lines. It isn’t worth losing your serve if the ball strays wide. Aiming for the short or long lines is less of a gamble since the penalty is only a fault.

When serving, try to hit deep to the supportive player’s opposite hand. This will be the safest yet most effective serve you can use. If your opponents shift to give added coverage, they will be creating an opening on one side of the court. When necessary, serve to the opening. This forces them to stay honest and reopens the opportunity to go back to the original serve.

There are times when the supportive player will be returning your serve effectively. These occasions call for a change of strategy. Start serving to the dominant player. He may not do a better job of hand-ling the serve and will also have a much harder time getting back up front. Remember, he’ll be responsible for covering the majority of the court, and this tactic will result in more court being inadequately defended against your team’s follow-up of his return of service.

When playing a lefty-righty team, a serve up the center can still be quite effective. An occasional low serve to the side lines will create the opening in the middle. Now when you serve up the center there will be two players hanging back to make the return. This means confusion between the receivers and lack of front-court coverage.  It isn’t unusual to see teammates interfere with each other’s shots, or to see both receivers leave the ball for their partner, meaning a likely point for the server.

Second serve

Your No. 1 priority is putting the ball in play. At a minimum, this will put you in the rally and provide your opponent with a chance to foul up.

Contemplate the progression of the match and determine the amount of risk you are willing to take. After doing your calculations, you’ll probably decide to take a little off your next attempt. This indicates playing it safer. Stay away from the border of the receiving zone, since a mis-hit can mean losing your serve. Aiming for the junction, a side line with the short or long line, doubles your chances of messing up. A little less power means a lot more control.
Lastly, a lousy serve will almost certainly cause your side to lose the rally.

By now you are probably scratching your head and asking yourself: “What options does this leave me with?” One suggestion is targeting the area 3 feet in front of the long line. This allows room for error and prevents the receiver from pouncing on the ball. In addition, a deep serve will often provide an easy follow-up shot.

Mixing it up

Try different things. Change the speed, position and height of your serves to find what you and your opponent’s strengths and weaknesses are. Control players can afford to use more of the court. Power players may need to stay away from the lines.

Controlled power can be menacing and is often just the right combination to make a champion. If nothing else, mixing it up will prevent opponents from getting used to what you have.

     We all make them, some of us more than others.  We’ll never totally eliminate hand errors from our game.  But if we follow a couple of simple rules, we can minimize the number of mistakes. 
     The vast majority of hand errors are made when a player takes his eyes off the ball at the last crucial moment or when he is attempting a shot he shouldn’t have attempted in the first place.
     You often hear the advice: Keep your eyes on the ball.  However, do you know what that really means and what watching the ball really entails?  Have you ever watched the ball all the way into your hand as you hit it?
     That is what watching the ball and keeping your eyes on the ball really mean.  Anytime you see a top player hit a handball, you’ll notice that his head is down, much like a golfer’s, as he strikes the ball.  He does that to follow the ball all the way into his hand.  The best golfers also keep their heads down to keep their eyes on the target, as well as generating the most power possible with their swing.
     The same theory applies to handballers.  You can generate more power by keeping your nose on the ball and giving your shoulders an axis on which to rotate than by picking your head up as you swing.
The success of Ted Williams, widely acclaimed as the best hitter in baseball history, was attributed to his ability to actually see the baseball hit his bat. Of course, Williams was also blessed with eyesight of 20/15, but we can follow a handball into our hands more easily than a baseball hitter can follow the ball all the way to the bat.
     Anyone who tries to hit a shot while looking at the front wall or the spot to which he is aiming is not watching the ball. The walls of a handball court don’t move.  Even the neophyte knows where the walls are, so don’t worry about them. You, your opponent and the ball are the only things moving.  Try to know where all three are at all times.
     Unfortunately, watching the ball is not as easy as it sounds.  The best way to concentrate fully and keep your eyes on the ball is a personal thing.  What has worked best for me and many others is to focus on watching something about the ball. Try to pick up the spin on the ball.  A speck of dirt, the label on a new ball and the seam are good things to focus on when trying to determine the spin.  And the act of serving is a great place to start your training.
     Another trick to help you keep your eyes on the ball is to follow the ball around the court with your nose.  That will make the ball and your line of vision meet your hand at the same time.
     If keeping your nose pointed at the ball feels uncomfortable, you probably haven’t been watching the ball properly, especially when it’s behind you and you should be anticipating your opponent’s return.  Concentrate on keeping your eyes glued to the ball until you’re comfortable following the ball around the court and into your hand.
     When you’ve mastered the habit of watching the ball properly, you’ll also note that your opponent is scoring far less often as the result of a hand error on your part.
     One of Lake Forest College coach Mike Dau’s favorite instructions is this: Send the ball back where it came from.  This is probably the most important fundamental theory to learn when striving to improve your handball game.
     Whenever you hit a ball, you should hit it back in the direction it came from.  Or if you’re playing the ball off the back wall, you should hit it back in the same direction it’s traveling.  Put even more simply, don’t change the direction of the ball’s flight.
     The reason for hitting the ball back from where it came, or continuing the direction of a back-wall shot, is to make your job of returning it easier.  No matter where we aim our shot, we want to use our body weight to power the ball.  This is accomplished by stepping in the direction we are aiming, just as a hitter in baseball pulls the ball or goes to the opposite field.
     A “power line,” the direction our body weight is moving, can be drawn by tracing a path between the tie in our shoestrings.  This is the direction we are aiming our shots.  Even when we aren’t consciously trying to steer the ball in this direction, that’s where it will go.
     As you get to your pre-shoot position, set yourself with your power line parallel to the flight path of the ball.  Addressing the ball in this manner will allow you to stride into every shot just as if you were hitting it straight ahead. This will provide you with the most power since you will be making the best use of your body weight.  Of course, you’ll be sending it back in the same direction it is traveling.
     More important, in terms of hand errors, sending the ball back in the direction it came from will allow for the largest margin for error on your point of contact.  When trying to make a drastic change in the direction of the ball, such as when attempting a left-corner kill with your right hand on a ball coming at you from the right side of the court, the point of contact is crucial.
But if you were sending this ball back from where it came, there’s a much larger strike zone on the point of contact.  Thus, a successful or good shot can still be executed in spite of small errors in judging where the ball will be contacted.
Attempting difficult shots — those with a small margin for error on the point of contact — leads to hand errors.  A successful shot is far more likely when hitting the ball back from where it came.
These levels of difficulty should have you thinking about what shots to attempt and what shots to delete from your repertoire to eliminate hand errors.